ࡱ>  Rbjbj$$8F|F| hl0008ht0(4((($N4ѓu(((((ѓ4Fr r r (Hr (r r '`KYIIpB\\0hڙK4$KL((r (((((ѓѓ(((((((ڙ(((((((((, :  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.jnu.edu.cn/images/logo.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  2015t^b6e;eUxXf[MOxvzueQf[ՋՋBwS ********************************************************************* f[y0NN TyYVef[ xvzeTef[0YVf[S^(uf[ Ջyv TyY 4ls^Ջ ՋyvNx706 ula@b gT{Hh_{Q(WT{~wS N Q(W,gՋ NN_ N~R0 Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. She was completely _______ by the thiefs disguise so that she let him in without suspicion. taken away B. taken down C. taken in D. taken through Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _______ and needs proving. spontaneous B. hypothetical C. intuitive D. empirical The U-boat blockade ________ Englands food shortage during World War II. aggregated B. aggrieved C. aggravated D. agonized The government had to ______ reserves and borrowed abroad in time of economic crisis. draw on B. draw up C. draw in D. draw out Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to ________ the color of his skin. with the exception B. in the light of C. by virtue of D. regardless of The teacher wonders whats________ all the trouble among the students. on the back of B. in the back of C. at the back of D. behind the back of For physicists, cats ability to right themselves in midair and land on their feet____________ the miraculous. counted on B. accounted for C. bordered on D. caught on It was a surgeon that she represented herself, and ________ she was warmly received. such as B. as such C. as that D. so that If you want to know who has been elected as the President, please dont leave. The advertisements are followed with a detailed news report made __________. on the site B. on the location C. on the ground D. on the spot If you demand something _________, you make a lot of noise. vocally B. vociferously C. vocationally D. volcanically People whose homes have been flooded ____________ the government for help. turn from B. look to C. ask for D. run after Those two boys are ________ a fighttheyve been on the edge of a quarrel all day. itching for B. turning away from C. waiting for D. preparing for Starting as a _________ campus movement, initially observed on March 21, Earth Day has become a major educational and media event. student-leading B. student-leaded C. student-led D. student-lead Children in the United States are exposed to many influences _________ those of their families. rather than B. better than C. other than D. more than If you push hard on the world, the world will push back on you; if you touch the world gently, the world will touch you gently ________. in turn B. in return C. in the long run D. in place He must use this surplus as an insurance _________ the unpredictable effects of bad weather. for B. against C. of D. to Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _________ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen. combined B. having combined C. combine D. being combined Would you _________ to give me a helping hand when I move to the new house? be so kind B. be kind as C. be so kind as D. be kind The tourists decided not to make a trip to that ancient temple __________. but stay where they were but staying where they were but to stay where they were instead of staying where they were There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently _________ what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic. giving B. gave C. to give D. given Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ______ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. to announce B. announced C. announcing D. was announced Concerns were raised ________ witness might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts. what B. when C. which D. that What did they use to get the flounder? I think they used a _______. bamboo long fishing pole long bamboo fishing pole long pole , bamboo, and fishing bamboo fishing long pole Sue wanted to make some coffee for her guests; however, __________. she hadnt many sugar there was not a great amount of the sugar she did not have much sugar she was lacking in amount of the sugar In his time he enjoyed a reputation _________. as great as Mozart, if not greater than as great as, if not greater than, Mozart as great, if not greater, as Mozart greater, if not as great as Mozart What do you think about the boy? The boy ______ I believed to be honest deceived me. who B. what C. which D. whom Do the students in your class study hard? Some of them do. _______ just dont care. The other B. Another C. Others D. Some other What type of automobile would you buy ________? if you have free choice to choose the cars available today if you are free to choose among all the cars available today if all the cars available were free to be chosen by you if you were free to choose among all the cars available today The judge assented to the suggestion that ____________. both of the criminals will soon be set freedom some of the criminals there are of guilt only that girl was to be paroled in the custody of a welfare society the prisoner be sentenced to death The photographer thought he was supposed to arrive after the guests. But I meant _______ early. for his coming B. for him to come C. him coming D. he would come Part II. Proof-reading and Error Correction 10 points Directions: Proofread the given passage as instructed. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word Underline the wrong and write the correct one in the blank provided on the answer sheet. For a missing word Mark the position of the missing word with a  '" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided on the answer sheet. For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary word with a slash / and put the word in the blank provided on the answer sheet. Culture is one of the more challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic with the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic varieties: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only by experience. The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact one cannot learn cultureone has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsis and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging. The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches with individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The international successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather build their operations carefully by obeying the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer. 1._____________ 2._____________ 3._____________ 4.______________ 5.______________ 6.______________ 7.___________ 8.____________ 9.____________ 10.____________ Part III Cloze (20 points): Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. You are required to read the passage and try to replace the missing words according to the context. Human beings appear to have done a thorough job of contaminating the Earths land, 1_ and atmosphere. Are there any pollution-free places left on Earth? Unfortunately, pollution also affects water, and 2 cancels out hope that perfectly clean freshwater bodies exist. But 3 pollution from the air does settle in water, its actually pollution from land that acts 4 the primary contaminant for freshwater resources. Chemicals, fertilizers and waste all seep into groundwater and wash into lakes, streams and 5 , often winding up in the ocean. Dead zones occur when nutrient loads from land cause massive microbial blooms, 6 in turn deplete the water of oxygen. As a result, the rivers become severely 7 , and people living downstream are forced to 8 that water. Actually whats bad for humans is also bad for the 9 . According to HYPERLINK "http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/living_planet_report/" a recent report, animal populations living in freshwater have 10 by 75% over the last 40 years, thanks largely to pollution. Even the oceans, 11 remain largely unexplored and occupy 70% of the Earths 12 , have not escaped our pollutions reaches. Today, 60-80% of marine pollution originates from land, 13 the water through harbours, dirty beaches and polluted waterways that drain into the 14 . Of that pollution, plastic is the most pervasive 15 most plastic takes centuries perhaps even longer to 16 disappear. Actually theres human debris everywhere on the 17 of the ocean, for human beings are an integral part 18 marine ecosystems now. Were left with a cruel 19 : there probably is no place on Earth without 20 . In other words, we human beings have done a wonderful job of contaminating the environment all around us. Part IV Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: In this section, there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1 When you think of a culture, you usually think of things such as art, language, music, literature, and architecture. But a culture is much more. It is a way of life, simple or complex. Every society or group of people has a culture. The culture includes a mixture of art, language, music, literature, and architecture. But it also includes customs, traditions, and beliefs that are important to the groups within families, neighborhoods, communities, and governments. Cultures result from basic needs shared by all people. Early culture was a way to extend the ability to obtain food, seek protection, and raise and nurture children. Todays culture has modern methods of getting food and developing shelter. It has a means of distributing the food and other goods to its people. The culture includes family relationships, community relationships, education opportunities, religious practices, and forms of artistic expression. All large cities and many small cities have history, science, and art centers, and museums. People attend dance performances, plays, musicals, and classical and popular music concerts. They can view outdoor art projects and important architecture. This development of artistic expression forms is the result of both contributions by private giving and other funding. A countrys culture has systems for giving power and responsibility, including social positions, education, economics, and governments. Giving power and responsibility is a way to keep order and settle disputes. In more complex cultures, this includes police, court, and prison systems. The countrys structure, its laws, and the way people relate to each other have great influence on peoples actions and attitudes. People learn their culture by growing up in a particular society or group. They are not born with a culture. They learn it mainly through the use of language and by watching and imitating other group members. By seeing what goes on around then, they learn what their society considers right and wrong. By listening to group members shared memories, beliefs, values, and expectations, they develop ways of thinking. Most cultural learning comes from verbal communication. Children share their cultures traditions of citizenship, holiday celebration, craftsmanship, production, competition, leadership, know-how, and positive attitude. To learn about a groups culture, ask questions as What languages do the groups members speak? How do group members decide what is right or wrong? What customs do group members share? Customs are an important feature of a culture theyre a way of doing things that has been handed down from one generation to the next. Customs include greeting traditions, eating traditions, and holiday traditions. Every culture has a customary way of greeting, of eating, and of celebrating holidays and special days. The adventure of fireworks displays on the Fourth of July has become an American custom. Through travel, television, films, and other means, people become familiar with cultures from around the world. And cultural traits spread around the world. Clothing, music, sports, and industrial processes are the same in many places of the world. Blue jeans are a good example of a spreading cultural trait. Clothing from one culture, American, is worn around the world. Blue jeans became popular as work clothes in the 1850s after Levi Strauss, a German immigrant merchant in San Francisco, created them. Now they are widely worn on every continent by people of all ages and fashion tastes. A culture is much more than art, language, music, literature, and architecture. It is a way to enhance the lives of people. 1. Most cultural learning comes from ________ communication. A. verbal B. aural C. visual D. physical 2. _______ are a way of doing things that has been handed down through generations. A. Habits B. Customs C. Behaviors D. Repetitions 3. Culture includes all of the following except ______. A. family relationships B. community relationships C. psychological relationships D. religious practices 4. Culture results from basic _______ shared by all people. A. desires B. needs C. habits D. thoughts 5. Blue jeans were invented by Levi Strauss, a German immigrant who lived in ______. A. Los Angeles B. Chicago C. New York D. San Francisco Passage 2 Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and the mind. It is a popular subject with many fascinating features. The word psychology comes from the Greek words psyche, meaning mind or soul, and logia, meaning study. Since ancient times, people have been interested in why human beings and other animals behave as they do. The origins of psychology are often traced to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, whose main interest was in what the human mind can accomplish. Psychologists seek answers to a wide range of human behaviors such as: How do our brains learn and remember? How does the mind affect the body? (One answer for this behavior is that some people are able to change their heart rates and body temperatures just by thinking about doing so.) What about personality differences in people? Why are some people bashful and some not shy at all? What causes violence? How can violence be stopped? Psychological research is applied to a wide range of human activity related to everyday life, such as family, education, employment, and mental health. Psychology is a broad and diverse field and includes areas such as human development, cognitive development (the mental processing of information), and others. More than any other part of the human body, the brain raises questions that psychologists are searching to answer. A number of different specialty areas in psychology have emerged. One of these is sports psychology, which deals with increasing athletic performance. A sport psychologist may work with individual athletes or team athletes to improve performance levels. Some of the most important skills taught are goal setting, relaxation, visualization, awareness and control, concentration, and confidence. Some sport psychologists also work in the fitness industry to design exercise programs that enhance participation and promote psychological well-being. Psychologists use scientific methods to test their ideas. Three methods are often used in psychological research. The first method is naturalistic observation, observing the behavior of human beings and other animals in their natural environments. Here is an example of naturalistic observation. The study of parent-child interaction may involve videotaping the parent and child in their home either as they go about their daily routine or as they perform an activity given to them by the researcher. The videotaped interactions can then be analyzed to learn information from them. The second method is systematic assessment that identifies and examines peoples thoughts, feelings, and personality traits with case histories, surveys and standardized tests. Things such as intelligence and reading ability can be measured through standardized tests. The third method uses experimentation to discover or confirm cause and effect relationships. It enables a scientist to test a theory under controlled conditions. To demonstrate a cause and effect, an experiment must often show that, for example, if something occurs after a certain treatment is given to a subject, the same thing should not occur in the absence of the treatment. Psychology is closely related to the natural science of biology and the social sciences of sociology and anthropology that deal with people in society. Social sciences study the attitudes and relationships of human beings in social settings. Psychology is similar to a medical field called psychiatry; however, psychiatrists have medical degrees and usually focus on treating mental disorders. Research findings in psychology have greatly increased the possibility of understanding why people behave as they do. They have provided valuable insights into helping people function better individually and as a group or society. Psychological research and experimentation are fascinating, but how people actually benefit from the findings is the true measure of success. 6. Psychology is the scientific study of ________. A. the behavior of the mind B. climate conditions C. the bodys major organs D. blood 7. The word psyche means ________. A. thinking B. mind and soul C. head D. brains 8. Logia means ________. A. behaviors B. experiment C. test D. study 9. The origins of psychology can be traced back to ancient ________. A. Rome B. Turkey C. Greece D. Egypt 10. Aristotles main interest was in ________. A. discovering the cause of mental disorders B. studying mathematics C. what the human mind can accomplish D. architecture Passage 3 During my 25 years as a marital therapist, I have seen hundreds of people disappointed over unfulfilling relationships. I have seen passion turn to poison. I have grieved with patients for the love they lost or never found. "We seemed to love so much, but now it's gone," one woman lamented to me. "Why do I feel so lonely every night even when he is right there beside me? Why can't marriage be more than this?" It can. I was once invited to the 60th anniversary celebration of a remarkable couple. I asked the husband, Peter, if he ever felt lonely and wondered where the love between him and Lita had gone. Peter laughed and said, "If you wonder where your love went, you forgot that you are the one who makes it. Love is not out there; it's in here between Lita and me." I know we can love deeply, tenderly and lastingly. I have seen such love, and I have felt such love myself. Here are the laws I have discovered for such lasting and loving relationships: Put time where love is. A fulfilling marriage begins when two people make time together their No. 1 priority. If we hope to find love, we must first find time for loving. Unfortunately, current psychology rests on the model of the independent ego. To make a lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredness. We must go beyond what psychologist Abraham Maslow called "self-actualization" to "us-actualization". We have to learn to put time where love is. Many couples have experienced a tragic moment that taught them to value the time together. One husband related how he sat trapped in his car after a crash. His wife was outside, crying and banging on the window. "I thought I was going to die before we'd had enough time together," he told me. "Right then I promised to make the time to love my wife. Our time is our own now, and those hours are sacred." In crisis, they become as one. Just after a couple left my office one evening, I heard what sounded like a gunshot. I looked out the window and saw the couple backing toward their car, and the shadow of a large figure near a street light. Clinging together, the husband and wife kept backing away. The figure quickened his pace toward them, and the couple joined hands and ran to their car. As I dialed security, the figure came closer, and I saw it was one of our guards. I later discovered that the "shot" was a noise that has nothing to do with my couple, but they didn't know that. Like herd animals, they had reacted to danger by coming together, in a "couple caution circle". Threatened, they had become one. When I was struggling with cancer a few years ago, my wife and I formed our own "couple caution circle". Anytime a doctor came with news of my progress, my wife would join with me in a mutual embrace. The reports were seldom good during the early phases of my illness, and one day a doctor brought particularly frightening news. Gazing at his clipboard, he murmured, "It doesn't look like you're going to make it." Before I could ask a question of this doomsayer, my wife stood up, handed me my robe, adjusted the tubes attached to my body and said, "Let's get out of here. This man is a risk to your health." As she helped me struggle to the door, the doctor approached us. "Stay back," demanded my wife. "Stay away from us." As we walked together down the hall, the doctor attempted to catch up with us. "Keep going," said my wife, pushing the intravenous stand. "We're going to talk to someone who really knows what is going on." Then she held up her hand to the doctor. "Don't come any closer to us." The two of us moved as one. We fled to the safety and hope of a doctor who did not confuse diagnosis with verdict. I could never have made that walk toward wellness alone. 11. A couple who wonder where their love has gone probably _____. A. forget that it is they who created the love B. have never been able to find love C. have never had fulfilled relationships D. are too passionate 12. What is the most important thing a couple is supposed to do to have a fulfilling marriage? A. To rest on independent ego. B. To set aside time for loving. C. To go beyond love. D. To learn where love is. 13. What has the husband trapped in a car accident learned about love? A. How sacred love is. B. How tragic an accident is. C. The time with his wife is precious. D. More promises to his wife are necessary. 14. Which of the following best explains "couple caution circle"? A. A couple are more cautious when they are together. B. It refers to people's herd-animal-like reaction to danger. C. It is a crisis that is related to both husband and wife. D. A couple becomes more closely united into one in times of danger. 15. After hearing the doctor's comment, the author's wife_____. A. believed that the doctor made the diagnosis with evil intentions B. concluded that doctor was no good to her husband C. decided to quit any medical treatment immediately D. demanded to have another favorable verdict Part V Translation (30 points) Section A Chinese to English (15 points): Translate the following into English. Write your translation on the answer sheet. *geg o'Yf[RSU\:NO(Yef[Nyxv^͑vؚI{f[^ v^RNhQVNNLuMRR0WMO0vQ-N cR-NV[YsQ|xvz/f͑Q[KNN R:_,gUxZS N*N6kvYNf[0VEsQ|Yef[Txvz\/fbNv]\O͑_0 }NNgfYecgNeg(WYN]\OWb1\>fk y/}N0N[v~TmSvMbzf v^NASRsQ_-NVYeNNvSU\0bN ^g YPRNgfYecvRϑ qQ T[Uo'Yf[VEsQ|NNvf[y^6RTcRvsQWvf[/gxvz0 Section B English to Chinese (15 points): Translate the following into Chinese. Write your translation on the answer sheet. Wellness is a term used by the uninformed as well as experts. Unfortunately, some individuals and groups have tried to identify wellness with products and services that promise benefits that cannot be documented. 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Consider that optimal health includes many areas; thus, the term holistic (total) is appropriate. In fact, the word health originates from a root word meaning wholeness. Unfortunately, questionable health practices are sometimes promoted under the guise of holistic health. Care should be used when considering services and products that make claims of wellness and/or holistic health to be sure that they are legitimate. Part VI. Writing (30points): Directions: Write a composition according to the given situation. Is living longer a good thing? How long should we live? Some argue that living too long is a loss just as death is. It renders us, if not disabled, then faltering and declining, a state that may be worse than death. We are no longer remembered as vibrant and engaged but as feeble, ineffectual, even pathetic. They think that we focus too much on racking up years, and its time for a new attitude to death. What is your opinion about this issue? 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