ࡱ>  RLbjbjO O 2-a-ad18tD)@   @@@'''''''$V+.D')@@'  4(!!!  '!'!!:1&,&  ]& m'(0)g&RL. .&L.4.$&@r!p@@@''f!R@@@).@@@@@@@@@, J:  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.jnu.edu.cn/images/logo.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  2014t^b6e;eUxXf[MOxvzueQf[ՋՋ ******************************************************************************************** f[y0NN TyYVef[ xvzeTef[S^(uf[ Ջyv Ty: 706Y 4ls^Ջ ula@b gT{Hh_{Q(WT{~wS N Q(W,gՋ NN_ N~R0 I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30 points) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. The usual ______ for economic growth in developed countries does not apply to some poor nations. A. irrigation B. cultivation C. precipitation D. paradigm 2. The trial was ________ when the judge learned that one of the jury members knew the defense lawyer. A. fertilized B. abandoned C. intensified D. suspended 3. It is impossible to judge last years performance without knowing the ________ sales numbers. A. catastrophic B. aggregate C. inherent D. adverse 4. He is from such an unemotional family, so he will never learn to ________ his feelings. A. anticipate B. unleash C. deplete D. shrink 5. The migration from Asia to North America across the Bering Strait (perhaps by land bridge) was a ________ event in human history. A. monumental B. disastrous C. physical D. evolving 6. The ________ of military life kept Eileen from seeing Private Morris more than once a month. A. contaminations B. consistency C. constraints D. conversations 7. The decision to build a school in Blackberry Township was ________, without any thought to future housing patterns. A. proportional B. sequential C. rational D. arbitrary 8. One of the two assistants will likely get fired, since most of their duties in the office ________. A. separate B. overlap C. preserve D. disconnect 9. In order to stay on schedule, we need to complete this project as ________ as possible. A. innovatively B. ingeniously C. expeditiously D. feasibly 10. After the age of 30, his hairline began to ________ further back from his forehead. A. recede B. retrieve C. degrade D. rescue 11. He couldnt say which candidate he favored, but he had always been ________ vote Republican. A. derived to B. deprived to C. disposed to D. inclined to 12. He couldnt be institutionalized until he was declared ________ insane. A. certifiably B. surgically C. when only sixteen years old D. when been only sixteen years old 13. More Americans are ________ now because U.S. culture encourage overeating and discourage exercise. A. slim B. obese C. overt D. slender 14. Research shows we re likely to sell 15 light bulbs ________________ per year in medium-sized cities. A. per capita B. per se C. per cent D. per annum 15. In the Middle Ages, the ________ supposedly followed a code that required them to take care of poorer people who lived near their estates. A. nobility B. liability C. insured D. relieved 16. Experiments in the photography of moving objects ________ in both the United States and Europe well before 1990. A. have been conducting B. were conducting C. had been conducted D. are conducted 17. If you are going to interview someone you _______ know something about them. A. had rather B. would rather C. should as well D. might as well 18. The symbols of mathematics ________ we are most familiar are the signs of addition subtraction multiplication division and equality. A. to which B. which C. with which D. in which 19. We are sure that ________ to do this face to face he would find it difficult to express himself without losing his temper. A. were he to try B. would he try C. was he trying D. if he tries 20. _______ 40 years ago, the book continues to be marketed, mass-produced, and challenged. A. Being written B. As written C. Though written D. It was written 21. ________ he realized it was already too late for us to return home A. No sooner it grew dark when B. Hardly it grew dark than C. It was not until dark that D. Scarcely it grew dark than 22. Although he refused to act on my suggestion, he had to admit that _______ what I said. 00A. it was something in B. there was something as 00C. it was something as D. there was something in 23. ________ will Mr. Forbes be able to regain control of the company A. With hard work B. As regards his hard work C. Only if he works hard D. Despite his hard Work 24. The boss realized the importance of qualified staff, and urged all _______ to participate in the training seminar. A. concerning B. the concerning C. concerned D. the concerned 25. _______ pollution control measures tend to be money-consuming, many industries hesitate to adopt them. A. Although B. However C. When D. Since 26. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants _______ in the wild. A. once they grew B. that once grew C. they grew once D. once grew 27. A series of attempts ________ made, he came to a successful solution of the problem. A. to be B. had been C. were D. having been 28. If nature does not provide man with the necessary material, it is the laboratory ________ he will turn to for it. A. where B. which C. that D. what 29. By the time you have completed the essential training, you ________ exposed to virtually every new feature of the course. A. will have been B. will be C. would have been D. would be 30. The angry mother didn't know who ____ for the broken glass. A. will blame B. to blame C. to be blamed D. blames II. Proof-reading and Error Correction 10 points Directions: Proofread the given passage as instructed. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word Underline the wrong and write the correct one on the answer sheet. For a missing word Mark the position of the missing word with a sign  '" and write the word you believe to be missing on the answer sheet. For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary word with a slash / and put the word on the answer sheet. The dismal track record of the implementation of large-scale information technology initiatives even on rigorous and focused corporate environments points up their difficulty. Unexpected obstacles arise, deadlines are missed and budgets are overrun. Maximizing the prospect of success requires providing for the slack in the schedule and the budget, structuring projects with clear accountabilities and frequent checkpoints, and assigning oversight responsibility to people with extensive information technology experience rather general managers who have programmatic commitments. Success also requires some trusting but more verifying. A homeowner who hires a general contractor to build an addition, discusses the project and then goes out for six months probably would be unhappy with the result. The same is true for public managers who hire contractors to perform essential tasks and fail to rigorously oversee every step. Another requisite for success is steadiness and realism for the face of difficulty. Once a project gets off track, there is an overwhelming temptation for everyone involving to circle the wagons and promise rapid repair so as to hold critics at bay. Yet the right response to failure is to surface problems as rapidly as possible and to move more deliberately and carefullynot more quickly. In a football, the best teams stick to their playbooks even when they fall behind. When one has fallen behind a project, it is important to mobilize new resources and management but not to overpromise with respect to how soon and how good a fix is possible. One instance with over-optimism will ultimately be forgotten or forgiven. Repeated over-optimism should not and will not be excused. 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ 6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. _______  III. Cloze 20 points Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. You are required to read the passage and try to replace the missing words according to the context. Write your answer on the ANWSER SHEET. Adam Lanza, 20-year-old, shot and killed his mother on Friday, and broke into Sandy Hook Elementary where he killed 20 children and 6 adults, before (1) ____________ suicide. Police said Adam Lanza used a semi-automatic rifle to (2) ___________ most of his victims, shooting each of them multiple times. (3) __________ also had with him at least 2 pistols. U.S. President Barack Obama said Sunday night that he would use (4) __________ powers of his office to try and end mass shootings. The (5) ___________ also said the United States, as a country, is not doing (6) ___________ to stop such violence. Speaking at the vigil service for the (7) ____________ of Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre in Newtown, Connecticut, Obama questioned (8) ___________ "as a nation, are we meeting our obligations? Are we keeping our children, all of them, (9) ____________ from this kind of harm?" "The answer is no," (10) ____________ Obama. "We are not doing enough, and we can't tolerate this any more, (11) ______________ tragedies must end, and to end them we must change." "In (12) ____________ coming weeks Ill use whatever power this office holds to engage our fellow citizens from law enforcement to mental health professionals to parents and educators in an effort aimed at (13) ____________ more tragedies like this," said Obama, stopping short of saying he will push for (14) ____________control laws. Obama flew to Newtown to meet with parents of victims before he attended a service there for the (15) ________of the shooting. Toward the end of his (16) __________, Obama read the names of the 20 children killed in the (17) _________. Audible cries were heard from the audience. The shooting reignited gun (18) ____________ debate in the United States. California Senator Dianne Feinstein said as well that the state plans to reintroduce a bill that (19) _____________ the possession, sale and transfer of assault weapons. But gun owners' rights groups such as the National Rifle Association are expected to put up a (20) ____________ against any measures they deem unfair. Part IV Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1 Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet, the American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the great game of espionagespying as a profession. These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mails, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well. The latest revolution is not simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it open-source intelligence, and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www. straitford. com. Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine, says Friedman, a former political science professor. And well hear back from some of them. Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That is where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs do not sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong, Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 1. The emergence of the Net has ______________________. A. received support from fans like Donovan B. remolded the intelligence services C. restored many common pastimes D. revived spying as a profession 2. Donovans story is mentioned in the text to _________________________. A. introduce the topic of online spying B. show how he fought for the US C. give an episode of the information war D. honor his unique services to the CIA 3. The phrase making the biggest splash in paragraph 3 most probably means _________________________. A. causing the biggest trouble B. exerting the greatest effort C. achieving the greatest success D. enjoying the widest popularity 4. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that _____________________. A. Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved true B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information C. Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information 5. Straitford is most proud of its _____________________. A. official status B. nonconformist image C. efficient staff D. military background Passage 2 This book is written expressly for students in an attempt to present the material that is most useful and interesting to them. Previous courses in chemistry are not necessary for the understanding of the material, although those students who have had high school chemistry will find that a review of the inorganic section will better enable them to master the organic and biochemistry sections that follow. The author has felt that in the past there was an improper selection of material from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry in the majority of the textbooks of chemistry for nurses. The tendency has been to develop the inorganic chemistry to such an extent that organic chemistry and biochemistry are covered too briefly. The recent advances in biochemistry and their widespread application to the practice of medicine and nursing have considerably altered the situation. Not only is biochemistry more closely allied to the practical chemistry of medicine and nursing but it is also of more interest to the students. In the authors experience the response to biochemistry has always been more favorable than to the other sections. Within the brief period allotted to chemistry, therefore, the sections on inorganic, organic, and biochemistry should be so arranged that a good share of the time is spent in the study of biochemistry. This book presents mainly those fundamentals of inorganic and organic chemistry that are necessary for the understanding of the section on biochemistry. The fundamental points suggested in the Curriculum Guide are included in the book, with some additions in the biochemistry section. The author feels that a study of urine, vitamins, nutrition, and hormones is so obviously a part of biochemistry that at least the fundamentals should be included in this course. The book has been planned in such a way that it may be adapted to various courses in chemistry. The material suggested by the Curriculum Guide is covered in the first nineteen chapters and may be used in accelerated courses or where minimum time is allotted to chemistry. When the time allotted to the course is sixty to ninety hours the entire contents of the book may be used to advantage. While the book has been written especially to fit the needs of Schools of Nursing it could readily be applied in instances where students are required to take but one course in chemistry. The apathetic attitude of nonprofessional students toward a course in inorganic chemistry may well be overcome by the proper presentation of material selected from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry. 6. This piece of writing is_________________________. A. a preface to a course book B. a professors letter to his students C the record of an introductory speech D. from a school announcement 7. To read this book_____________________. A. previous courses in chemistry are necessary B. a good mastery of biochemistry is essential C. one does not need to have studied chemistry before D. one must first review his high school courses 8. In the authors experience, the students are most interested in ________________ A. inorganic chemistry B. organic chemistry C. biochemistry D. chemistry as a whole 9. The definitions in this book are________________________. A. simple and clear B. frightfully lengthy C. hard to remember D. hard to understand 10. Paragraph 4 suggests that one characteristic of this book is its _______________. A. simplicity in presentation B. thoroughness in the field C. vividness of the language D. adaptability to various needs Passage 3 The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial peepshow format to the point where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater. In the peepshow format, a film was viewed through a small opening in a machine that was created for that purpose. Thomas Edisons peepshow device, the Kinetoscope, was introduced to the public in 1894. It was designed for use in Kinetoscope parlors, or arcades, which contained only a few individual machines and permitted only one customer to view a short, 50-foot film at any one time. The first Kinetoscope parlors contained five machines. For the price of 25 cents (or 5 cents per machine), customers moved from machine to machine to watch five different films (or, in the case of famous prizefights, successive rounds of a single fight). These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way. Edison was more interested in the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1,000 apiece) to these parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machinea projectorfrom him instead of several. Exhibitors, however, wanted to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to hundreds of customers at a time (rather than one at a time) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission. About a year after the opening of the first Kinetoscope parlor in 1894, showmen such as Louis and Auguste Lumiere, Thomas Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins, and Orville and Woodville Latham (with the assistance of Edisons former assistant, William Dickson) perfected projection devices. These early projection devices were used in vaudeville theaters, legitimate theaters, local town halls, makeshift storefront theaters, fairgrounds, and amusement parks to show films to a mass audience. With the advent of projection in 1895-1896, motion pictures became the ultimate form of mass consumption. Previously, large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater, where vaudeville, popular dramas, musical and minstrel shows, classical plays, lectures, and slide-and-lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at a time. But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program. Although early exhibitors regularly accompanied movies with live acts, the substance of the movies themselves is mass-produced, prerecorded material that can easily be reproduced by theaters with little or no active participation by the exhibitor. Even though early exhibitors shaped their film programs by mixing films and other entertainments together in whichever way they thought would be most attractive to audiences or by accompanying them with lectures, their creative control remained limited. 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It suddenly became publican experience that the viewer shared with dozens, scores, and even hundreds of others. At the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet. 11. According to this passage, all of the following were true of viewing films in Kinetoscope parlors EXCEPT __________________ A. One individual at a time viewed a film. B. Customers could view one film after another. C. Prizefights were the most popular subjects for films. D. Each film was short. 12. The author discusses phonograph parlors in order to___________________ A. Explain Edisons financial success. B. Describe the model used to design Kinetoscope parlors. C. Contrast their popularity to that of Kinetoscope parlors. D. Illustrate how much more technologically advanced Kinetoscope parlors were. 13. How did the early movies differ from previous spectacles that were presented to large audiences? A. They were a more expensive form of entertainment. B. They were viewed by larger audiences. C. They were more educational. D. They did not require live entertainers. 14. What role did early exhibitors play in the presentation of movies in theaters? A. They decided how to combine various components of the film program. B. They advised film-makers on appropriate movie content. C. They often took part in the live-action performances. D. They produced and prerecorded the material that was shown in the theaters. 15. The images seen by viewers in the earlier peepshows, compared to the images projected on the screen, were relatively______________________ A. Small in size. B. Inexpensive to create. C. Unfocused. D. Limited in subject matter. V. Translation (30 points) Section A Chinese to English (15 points) Translate the following into English. Write your translation on the answer sheet. ΘǏT/fi_y0-Nl $NVTWT\O_bU\ S_0NUxbg0-NV]b:NlVg'Ye8n[nVTQS^:W lV/f-NVg'Y)Y6qajۏSegn0W0(WNWSN lVsHQ T-NV_U\beu'`T\O ,{N*N(W-NV Nv8:SFhgQ[e,܃04lgsQz[c ,{N*N^b-NVeS-N_ ,{N[ۏLyxT\Ov'Yq+s=7bnȏ(Chiang Mai) v^N NN1r`~vf   gQ 0 Section B English to Chinese (15 points) Translate the following into Chinese. Write your translation on the answer sheet. Over the last 40 years many highly selective schools have emphasized creating a diverse undergraduate student body in the belief that this results in a deeper educational experience. Liberal arts education has moved away from cultivating homogeneity and toward creating a campus community in which people can learn from their differences while finding new ways to connect. This has nothing to do with political correctness or identity politics. It has to do with preparing students to become lifelong learners who can navigate in and contribute to a heterogeneous world after graduation. Selective colleges and universities ought to be shaping campus communities that maximize each undergraduates ability to go beyond his or her comfort zone to learn from the most unexpected sources. To do so, and to deliver on the promise of our ideals, we must maintain robust financial aid programs and end the steep rise of tuition. VI. Writing (30points) Educational resources and financial help will be providedMM٨ڨ?t;CDӫ$IfWD^`gd$h $Ifgd$h$IfWDd`gd$h\^B?89dJ$-DIfM `gd>F $Ifgd8$IfWD`gdNj%$IfWD`gdI# $IfgdI# $Ifgd) $IfWDd`gd$h^`dҬ*@BDFV>?67ǽǯǽǦǦxxgegUh>FB*OJQJ^Jo(phU!hINSh>FB*OJQJ^Jphh5Kh85CJh5Kh"HCJo(hNj%hI#CJo( hNj%CJo(h<)RhI#CJhI#6CJo(h hI#CJOJQJo(h<;hI#6CJh<;hI#6CJo(h<;hI#5CJo(hI#5CJo(h5KhjY85CJo(h5Kh"H5CJo(! to more needy urban and rural areas in China, as the balance in allocation of resources will hopefully promote equality in education. What is your opinion about this change in Chinas educational system? 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